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Why Nobel Prize is given?

The Nobel Prize is the most prestigious award known in the world. It is the award given in honor of Alfred Nobel, the famous chemist and inventor of dynamite, using the interest of his fortune. What is a Nobel Prize, Why Is It Given? The Nobel Prize or Nobel Prize is the most prestigious award in the world, distributed annually on December 10th. It is given in 6 branches in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, to reward people who have served humanity since 1901. There are two names from Turkey Nobel Prize in the field; author Orhan Pamuk and Prof. Dr. Aziz Sancar. Awards can be given to real or legal persons. Have you ever wondered what is the story of the Nobel Prize and why it is awarded? You can find the answers to these questions and a lot of information from Nobel statistics to Nobel medal characteristics in our article. (Related section from Alfred Nobel and his will ...) Alfred Bernard Nobel's Will and Nobel Prizes Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred B. Nobel is the inventor of dynamite. Thanks to this invention, which he patented, he established explosive and weapon companies through 90 companies in 20 countries. He began to meet the explosive needs of many countries and made a huge fortune. However, he experienced great sorrow and pain in the last years of his life due to the critical news against him that the "death dealer" "found a way to quickly kill people and became rich". In fact, Nobel, who was a pacifist and striving for world peace, was overwhelmed by the idea that his discovery, which he thought would stop wars, turned into a deadly weapon. When his brother Ludvig Nobel died, the French newspapers, who thought he was dead, made a grave mistake. In the headlines of the newspapers, "Death merchant died" headlines were made. This event is seen as the beginning of the Nobel Prize idea. In his will, which he wrote on November 27, 1895, before his death, the traces of his grief can be seen. In his will, he wanted the wealth he indirectly earned through his invention to be distributed to those who served humanity. Approximately one year after his will, he died on December 10, 1896 in San Remo, Italy, with a cerebral hemorrhage. His will was announced on December 30, 1896. Nobel Prizes were given five years after his death. It is stated that the current value of Nobel's wealth in that period was 180 million euros. The interest of his fortune is distributed as a prize money every year within the Nobel Prize. The prize money changes every year according to the interest rates. The prize money in 2017 was determined as 9 million kronor (Approximately 4 million lira). Alfred Nobel's will is as follows; “All of my real estate and wealth that I left behind will be distributed as follows. Capital must be securely collected in the Fund. The income of this Fund should be distributed every year to those who have done the greatest service to humanity. This income should be divided into five main segments and distributed as follows. Part of it should be given to the person who made the greatest discovery in the field of physics. It should be given to the person who made the greatest discovery in some field of chemistry. Some should be given to the person who made the greatest discovery in physiology or medicine. Some must be given to the person who wrote the greatest work in the field of literature. It should be given to the person who does the greatest work for some international peace and brotherhood. Discoveries in physics and chemistry should be evaluated by the Swedish scientific council. Studies in medicine should be evaluated by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm. The rewards for literature and peace must be assessed by a five-person delegation elected by the Swedish Parliament. My biggest and definite wish is that there is absolutely no nationality conspiracy while the rewards are distributed to the candidates. Most importantly, the person receiving the award may or may not be a Scandinavian… ”Nobel Foundation The Nobel Foundation was established on 29 June 1990 for the administrative and financial management of the Nobel prizes. It is a private institution founded on the will of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Foundation, which represents the Nobel Institute externally, organizes and manages events related to the Nobel Prizes. He also organizes the Nobel Symposium. The foundation also determines how much money awards will be given to those who are deemed worthy of Nobel. How Are Nobel Prize Winners Determined? Nobel Prizes; It is taught in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature, economics and peace. The first awards were given in 1901. Until 1968, awards were given in 5 branches except economy. It was also decided to be given in the field of economics in 1968, the first economics award was given in 1969. The awards in the field of economy are given to people who contribute to the economy by the Sveriges Bank and the Swedish Central Bank. There are institutions and committees that choose the names for which the awards will be awarded. Each institution chooses the name or institution that won the award among the candidates of a different branch. Swedish Royal Academy; evaluates candidates of physics and economics branches. The Swedish Academy of Sciences determines the chemistry award winners. The Karolinska Institute selects the award-worthy candidates in the field of physiology or medicine. Swedish Academy reviews for literature. The Norwegian Nobel Committee selects the peace prize winners. The Nobel Prize can be received by individuals or institutions that have achieved international success in specified branches. As a result of the evaluations made by the relevant committees, individuals or institutions that are entitled to receive the award are awarded a medal, a diploma and a different amount of money each year. The award in a branch can be shared between one or two or even three people. The Nobel Prizes are announced at the beginning of October each year; It is given to its owners on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.